N,O. (natural cement -olive oil)

Natural cement -  Any naturally occurring mixture of limestone and clay. A natural cement is made by powdering the rock then calcining the limestone and then grinding the material into a fine powder to produce a hydraulic cement. This is the ancient method of cement production that was used for Roman cement. Natural cement sets quicker than Portland cement but it is softer and weaker.
Synonyms: natural cement; Roman cement; Rosendale cement; hydraulic lime
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (2000);  RS Means Building Glossary (undated)

Neat cement - A cement mortar or grout made without addition of sand or lime. 
RS Means Building Glossary (undated)

Neat plaster - Plaster without the addition of sand or aggregate.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (2000)

Non-drying oil - Vegetable and fish oils that do not dry or form a film, even on long exposure to air. Non-drying oils have a high degree of saturation, which is indicated by a low iodine number (80 - 100). Some non-drying oils are used as plasticisers with drying oils and with natural and synthetic resins. Fish oils are sometimes used in industrial paints. 
Synonyms: non-drying oil; fish oil; mineral oil; castor oil; jojoba bean oil; coconut oil; peanut oil; olive oil; spike oil; sesame oil; lavender oil; almond oil; hazelnut oil; rice oil; wheat germ oil; peppermint oil; turtle oil; clove oil; lemon oil; aniseed oil; patchouli oil; rosemary oil; cassia oil; camphor oil; citronella oil; pine oil; avocado oil; palm oil; tea tree oil; basilic oil; lime oil; grape oil; rapeseed oil; hempseed oil; claw oil; rice bran oil; eucalyptus oil; plate oil; mustard oil; arachis oil; ravison oil; jamba oil
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (2000)

Ochre - Ochres are a group of pigments varying in colour from red to brown to light yellow. Natural ochres are minerals combining clay and iron oxide : the colour of the ochre is determined by the proportion of iron oxide present. They are an important type of pigment as they are chemically inert and therefore completely reliable on all surfaces and in all media. Ochre is listed among the pigments used for colouring stucco marble in the nineteenth and twentieth century.
 Trench (2000); Wittenburg (1999)

Oil - A general name for a wide variety of viscous liquids that are obtained from mineral, vegetable, animal and synthetic substances. In general, oils are slippery, combustible liquids that are immiscible in water. In the 1800s, oil were classified as either volatile or fixed. Currently oils are further subdivided by function and type. One classification scheme is as follows (with examples):  1. Mineral - aliphatic (paraffin) or aromatic (asphaltic)  2. Vegetable - drying (linseed), semidrying (soybean) or non-drying (castor) 3. Animal - fats (lard), liquid (fish oil) 4. Essential - odorous oils from plants (turpentine, clove, lemon, camphor) 
1. Edible - plant oil used in food products (olive, soybean, corn).
The application of oil (linseed oil, poppy-seed oil, nut oil and sometimes olive oil) to the surface of stucco marble has always been quite common in order to increase the gloss of an already well polished surface. Different types of oil are mentioned in the seventeenth, eighteenth and twentieth century as substances used for coating the surface of stucco marble. Further wax treatment is often added: in these cases, wax (or wax in turpentine, carnauba wax or beeswax) is applied to the surface with a linen cloth.
Wittenburg (1999); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (2000)

Oil of tartar -  See potassium carbonate
Synonyms: potassium carbonate
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (2000)

Oil gilding - A gilding process in which gold leaf is applied over a thin layer of a drying oil placed on a gesso surface that has been sized. The drying oil may be composed of linseed oil, an oil-resin, an oil-wax or urushiol. Oil gilding was used for small areas of paintings and for lacquer ware.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (2000); Trench (2000)

Oil paint - A paint made by grinding pigments with a drying oil such as linseed oil, from the flax plant; this dries most rapidly but is slightly yellow. Other oils used include poppy or walnut oil. After 1940 many oil paints contained alkyd binders to provide faster drying times. Oil paint can be used on all impervious surfaces and on porous ones, provided these have been sized or prepared with some kind of ground.
Synonyms: oil colour; oil paints
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (2000); Trench (2000)

Oil of turpentine - A name for turpentine used prior to World War I.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (2000)

Olive oil  - A pale, greenish-yellow non-drying oil expressed from the fruit of the olive tree, Olea europaea. Olive oil contains glycerides of oleic acid (56-83%), palmitic acid (8-18%), linoleic acid (4-19%), stearic acid (2-5%), linolenic acid (0.3-1%) and arachidic acid (0.9%) with small amounts of squalene, phytosterol and tocopherol (Serpico and White 2000). Olive oil becomes rancid on exposure to air and becomes turbid at cold temperatures. The application of oil, including olive oil, to the surface of stucco marble has always been quite common in order to increase the gloss of an already well polished surface. 
Wittenburg (1999); Serpico and White (2000); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (2000)
 

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